The long-term effects of a book flood on childrenís language growth. The implications of this finding are very important for managing extensive reading. “The Benefits of Extensive Reading” is a “Pride and Prejudice” inspired novella that starts during Elizabeth’s stay at Netherfield to take care of her sister Jane. Benefits of extensive reading: 1. They begin in early childhood and continue through the senior years. Hafiz, F. M., & Tudor, I. Tudor, I., & Hafiz, F. (1989). The measures of language use in Elley, and Elley and Mangubhai's studies included measures of oral language, reading comprehension, and writing. The Benefits of Extensive Reading Question: What is extensive reading? Reading books outside one’s specialized area or work is known as extensive reading, and it has great benefits for students. Essentially, vocabulary learning from extensive reading is very fragile. The language knowledge measures included word recognition where learners have to read aloud a list of words, vocabulary knowledge, and grammar. It is thus critically important in an extensive reading program that learners have the opportunity to keep meeting words that they have met before. One evening, she finds herself locked in the library with none other than Mr. Darcy himself. Privacy Policy, Posted by English Language Learning on February 4, 2013, Instructor Training & Professional Development, Learners will have a positive attitude toward reading. Professor Richard Day, Chair and Co-founder of the Extensive Reading Foundation, explains the benefits to language learners of extensive reading. System, 18(1), 31-42. Laufer's (1989) research suggests that learners need to be familiar with at least 95% of the running words in a text if they want to comprehend and thus perhaps learn from the text. Current literature points to the importance and benefits of extensive reading. These studies present compelling evidence of the improvements in second language acquisition that can be brought about by such programs. Students who read extensively also become more autonomous learners. For more information on JALT, please visit the JALT website. What vocabulary size is needed to read unsimplified texts for pleasure? Talking specifically of intensive reading - let's give some definitions for the starters. A well-balanced language program has appropriate amounts of message directed activity and language focused activity. As teachers we know that free reading can have many benefits for students. The study in England used standardised reading and writing measures and analyses of the studentsí writing, while the study in Pakistan used only analyses of students' writing. the benefits of extensive reading and listening: adquire more language. I noticed this in previous classes, and last term I decided to approach extensive reading another way; first with explicit instruction on how to choose a “just right” book followed by a trip to the Central Public Library for immediate practice. The length of graded readers increases as the vocabulary level increases, so up to the 2,000 level about a book a week is about right. Extensive reading offers a lot of benefits (provided you enjoy reading). The books that were used in the experiments were generally "well-illustrated, and used only common-sense controls over the presentation of vocabulary and structures" (Elley & Mangubhai, 1981a, p. 26). Second, it allows learners to follow their interests in choosing what to read and thus increase their motivation for learning. Wellington: NZCER. However, the figures on repetition indicate that teachers need to be serious about extensive reading programs particularly in ensuring that learners do large amounts of reading. In light of research that shows the benefits of extensive reading, it is worth incorporating extensive reading into the reading curriculum. Bow Valley College - North Campus A general service list of English words. (1990). The benefits of extensive reading do not come in the short term. Frequency analysis of English usage. Students only read stuff that is interesting or fun for them. Laufer, B. Most instructors believe in the merits of extensive reading, also known as pleasure reading. The Benefits of Extensive Reading for Foreign Language Acquisition: Yildirim, Ahmet: 9783656845409: Books - Amazon.ca (1989). The most important finding from first language studies is that this vocabulary learning is not an all-or-nothing piece of learning for any particular word, but that it is a gradual process of one meeting with a word adding to or strengthening the small amounts of knowledge gained from previous meetings. Applied Linguistics, 8(3), 287-307. In a study using SRA reading boxes, Robb and Susser (1989) found that extensive reading of SRA material and readers written for American teenagers produced several results superior to a skills focused reading course involving less reading. The studies of extensive reading that Elley was involved in are the most substantial in terms of length (12-36 months) and number of students (from over a hundred to several thousand). Email: GlobalAccess@bowvalleycollege.ca, Email: GlobalAccess@bowvalleycollege.ca Increasing reading rate is important because rate is a critical component of fluent reading. There is a rough way of providing a guideline for deciding how much extensive reading learners at a particular level should be doing. Then, I will examine the numerous benefits of extensive reading as well as some obstacles which explain why extensive reading programs are difficult to implement. But the figures of 96.7% and 96.3% are still good coverage figures. Note that the names of the characters and places make up a large proportion of the words not in the first 2,000 words. An important issue considered in this article is the vocabulary load of the texts that learners should read in extensive reading. To submit an article or other material to. ELT Journal, 50(2), 150-159. Intensive Reading . The extensive reading program also gave the learners more enjoyment both of reading and writing. Improving vocabulary Reading … Several correlational studies looking at the effect of a variety of factors on L2 proficiency have shown the importance of extensive reading. It also enhances collaboration among students, as it sometimes done in pair or group work. Follow. The benefits of extensive reading. However, before investing time and money in an extensive reading program, it is necessary to be sure that the learning that occurs from it is not restricted solely to the improvement of reading fluency, even though this in itself is a useful goal. Huang, X., & van Naerssen, M. (1987). The percentage coverage (and cumulative coverage) of three texts by the high frequency words of English, names, and all the remaining words. When this unfortunate experience occurs, there is too much unfamiliar vocabulary for learners to possibly use context to acquire new vocabulary, little comprehension, and the potential for discouragement from future reading. Phone: 403-410-3217, Copyright 2020. London: Longman. Third, it provides the opportunity for learning to occur outside the classroom. Pickard, N. (1996). Language Learning, 41(3), 375-411. The children in the book flood studies were aged from 6 to 12 years old, and so the content matter of such books was appropriate. The benefits of extensive reading. The book flood studies involved learners spending the greater part of their class time reading books that interested them. Day & Bamford (1998) highlight the benefits that have been gained by the undertaking of extensive reading programmes. Gradman and Hanania (1991) found that out of class reading was the most important direct contributor to TOEFL test performance. Journal of Research in Reading, 12(2), 164-178. Pig is actually in the second 1,000 words but for comparison purposes it was counted as a name. Out of class language learning strategies. Elley, W. B. Gradman and Hanania found the strongest connection going from individual out of class reading to TOEFL results. Part 1 of this talk defines extensive reading, using the acronym BEE. Table 1. In addition, several of the words outside the lists were repeated several times (huff, puff, chinny, chin). Students read on a wide variety of topics. On Wednesday, I'll share with you the method/approach I used with my learners when selecting books. Directions, 7, 15-24. Phone: 403-410-3400, Email: SGAreception@bowvalleycollege.ca (forthcoming). A closer look at learning strategies, L2 proficiency and gender. Reading Research Quarterly, 20, 233-253. 345 - 6 Avenue SE To access the latest JALT Publications, please visit the. The second language studies (Day, Omura, & Hiramatsu, 1991; Pitts, White, & Krashen, 1989; Saragi, Nation, & Meister, 1978) used tests that were not sensitive to small amounts of learning (see Joe, Nation, & Newton, forthcoming), did not adequately control text difficulty, and generally lacked careful control of the research design. Acquiring second language vocabulary through reading: A replication of the Clockwork Orange study using second language acquirers. The effects of extensive reading were thus both cognitive and affective. ELT Journal, 43(1), 4-13. This kind of reading helps students to develop a sense of liberty. System, 6(2), 72ñ78. And most learners believe that practice makes perfect. Comparing the effects of reading and writing on writing performance. Since this study only investigated the impact of extensive reading on a single subject, the findings in the study are limited to the perspective of this single learner. Green and Oxford (1995) in a study of the effect of learning strategies on language proficiency found that reading for pleasure was most strongly related to proficiency. Benefits of Extensive Reading. When learners do read level-appropriate materials for extensive reading, the benefits include: Am I preaching to the choir? Here are a few of them: More exposure to the language, including style, vocab, and … Paul Nation, Victoria University of Wellington, The Language Teacher - Issue 21.5; May 1997, The Language Learning Benefits of Extensive Reading. Proponents such as As against, intensive refers to in-depth or concentrated. Tsang, W. (1996). Experimental studies of second language learnersí vocabulary learning from reading have not come near to approaching the careful design of first language studies best exemplified by the work of Nagy, Herman and Anderson (1985). Column three converts the figures in column two to a ratio. For example, if a learner has a vocabulary of around 1,000 words and is thus expanding her vocabulary at the 1,001-2,000 word level, on average each word at this word level will appear once in every 10,000-15,000 running words (see Table 2). One effect of extensive reading that appears with short-term programs is on reading attitudes and reading habits. It helped them to engage with reading more and it changed how they read. Elley and Mangubhaiís motivation for choosing books written for young native speakers was probably that these were much more attractively illustrated, and interesting for young readers. Saragi, T., Nation, I. S. P., & Meister, G. F. (1978). Longman Structural Readers Handbook. … the objective are improve their overall comprehension skills and give them an active vocabulary. All of Hafiz and Tudor's measures were of language use. At this level, this is the equivalent of one graded reader every one to two weeks. There was language control only to the extent that "appropriateness of difficulty and interest were the guiding principles of book selection" (Elley, 1991, p. 402). Learning strategies for oral communication. Elley, W. B. Table 1 presents the vocabulary profile of the three texts showing the percentage of the running words in the 1,000 most frequent words according to West's (1953) General Service List, the words in the second 1,000 most frequent words, the names of characters and places, and the remaining words. Nagy, W. E., Herman, P., & Anderson, R. C. (1985). Phone: 403-410-1587, Email: SGAreception@bowvalleycollege.ca The weakness of this analysis is that the figures of occurrences per 1,000,000 running words are based on unsimplified texts. extensive reading and listening: intensive reading or listening tends to be more concentrated, less relaxed, extensive reading take place when st are on their own. Wodinsky, M., & Nation, P. (1988). The measures of academic success involved the examinations used across the school system. West, M. (1953). Extensive Reading Vs. These include gains in reading and writing proficiency, oral skills and vocabulary, an increase in motivation and positive affect. The "book flood" studies reviewed by Elley (1991) show striking increases made on measures of language use, language knowledge, and academic performance. Word frequency level and the average number of running words needed to meet each word again. The integration of oral and written activity. While intensive reading requires a high level of focus and deliberate effort, extensive reading is meant to be a fun and pleasurable experience, requiring a low expenditure of mental effort. All rights reserved. This study raised the important issue of causality through the use of the LISREL program for analysing the data. When learners do read level-appropriate materials for extensive reading, the benefits include: The benefits of Extensive Reading Extensive Reading gives students chances to read longer pieces of reading, which they choose, which they can read at their own speed and at their own ability level. At the end, I will introduce practical options and possible solutions in terms of implementing extensive reading programs. In the following section we will see if texts for native speakers can meet these requirements. Intensive Reading and Extensive Reading are … In The Three Little Pigs just one word in every 30 will be outside the lists, and in Dry Days for Climbing George by Margaret Mahy (1988) one word in every 22. The following blog post was written by Janice McCrimmon, a faculty member at the Centre for Excellence in Immigrant and Intercultural Advancement. They found that oral exposure, speaking and listening outside class and communicative oral use affected out of class reading. Learning from graded readers. Day, R. R., Omura, C., & Hiramatsu, M. (1991). Extensive reading, specifically the use of the Reading Journal is included in the reading curriculum of our Department with the main goal of improving the TOEFL reading scores of our students. Students read a lot and read often. This means that a learner with a vocabulary of the most frequent 1500 words would need to read 13,000 running words in order to meet a repetition of words at this level to reinforce a previous meeting. This can be done in two ways: (a) by doing large amounts of extensive reading at suitable vocabulary levels so that there are repeated opportunities to meet wanted vocabulary, and (b) by complementing the extensive reading program with the direct study of vocabulary. Comprehensible Input. In two experiments, one conducted with second language learners in England for a maximum of 60 hours (Tudor & Hafiz, 1989; Hafiz & Tudor, 1989), and one with learners in Pakistan for a maximum of 90 hours (Hafiz & Tudor, 1990), Hafiz and Tudor looked at the effect of extensive reading of graded readers on learnersí language use. The Benefits of Extensive Reading: A Pride and Prejudice Variation eBook: Lilian, Lory, Abbott, Jo: Amazon.ca: Kindle Store Green, J. M., & Oxford, R. (1995). T2G 4V1, Phone: 403-410-3411 How do you encourage extensive reading in and outside the classroom? (1994). Reading focuses on: pleasure, information and general understanding. The figures in column two are from Francis and Kuçera (1982). Reading in a Foreign Language, 5(1), 155-161. The research on extensive reading shows that there is a wide range of learning benefits from such activity. Extensive Reading improves writing skills (Hsu and Lee, 2007; Smith, 2007 cited in Guo, 2012). This can be done with Graded readers. Extensive reading as a means of input to L2 learning. Numerous studies show that the amount of reading engaged in correlates with overall reading development 4, and in particular, improvements in reading fluency. It is likely that the relationship between extensive reading and language proficiency is changing and complex. (1989). (1989). Benefits of Extensive Reading By Edna Orozco López and Miguel de la Ferrelle OrtizWhat is extensive reading?According to Richard Day extensive reading means that students read many andeasy books for information and enjoyment. The impact of a book flood in Fiji primary schools. The results displayed in Table 1 are strong confirmation of … It can be compared with extensive reading, which involves learners reading texts for enjoyment and to develop general reading skills. Therefore, intensive reading means that type of reading in which the material has to be read carefully and thoroughly, to get specific details. Experimental studies have shown that not only is there improvement in reading, but that there are improvements in a range of language uses and areas of language knowledge. Students choose what to read. More, specifically, in what ways is extensive reading helpful for learning a target language? Pitts, M., White, H., & Krashen, S. (1989). Extensive Reading by Non-native Speakers of Texts Written for Young Native Speakers. Reading in a Foreign Language, 7(2), 541-551. If the small amount of learning of a word is not soon reinforced by another meeting, then that learning will be lost. Let us look at two books written without formal vocabulary control for young native speakers and compare them with a graded reader written to fit into a prescribed vocabulary level. Simplified texts, especially long ones, provide more repetitions of high frequency words (Wodinsky & Nation, 1988). Nevertheless, the substantial long-term benefits justify the high degree of commitment needed. Extensive Reading expands, strengthens and maintains vocabulary growth (Soltani, 2011 cited in Guo, 2012). The two factors determining the necessary amount of reading are (a) the frequency level of the learners' vocabulary, and (b) the length of time that the memory of a meeting with a word is retained. One study that looked at readers with low literacy found that the extensive reading program helped these readers to develop reading habits. Acquiring literacy in a second language: The effect of book-based programs. The benefits of extensive reading … As well as facilitating acquisition of vocabulary, it is believed to increase motivation through positive affective benefits.” (2nd ed.). 5 years ago | 2 views. Extensive reading extends, consolidates and sustains vocabulary growth Vocabulary is not learned by a single exposure. What are the benefits of extensive reading? Reading books benefits both your physical and mental health, and those benefits can last a lifetime. One of the texts The Three Little Pigs in the Ladybird series seems to have been used in the Fiji book flood study (Elley & Mangubhai, 1981, p. 26). According to Wikipedia, extensive reading is: “Extensive reading, free reading, book flood, or reading for pleasure is a way of language learning, including foreign language learning, through large amounts of reading. These include gains in reading and writing competence, oral and aural skills, vocabulary growth, and increases in motivation, self-esteem and empathy. Students who develop an interest in reading are well on their way to becoming independent learners. Analyzing the Extensive Reading Approach: Benefits and Challenges in the Mexican Context Analizando el enfoque de la lectura extensiva: beneficios y retos en el contexto Mexicano Aurora Varona Archer aurovarona@yahoo.com.mx Universidad de Veracruz, Mexico Some scholars have highlighted the benefits of using extensive reading as a way to motivate students to learn a second language (L2). Francis, W. N., & Kuçera, H. (1982). According to British Council: Intensive reading involves learners reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks. Applied Linguistics, 17(2), 210-233. Elley, W. B., & Mangubhai, F. (1981b). All materials on this site are copyright © 1996-2020 by JALT and their respective authors. It is the easiest way to develop such qualities. In The Three Little Pigs pig, wolf, and (Mr.) Smith make up the total of names. Responses based on research would be appreciated. Reading in a Foreign Language, 5(2), 239-251. Although studies have focused on language improvement, it is clear that there are affective benefits as well. Hirsh, D., & Nation, P. (1992). Cuba Sonya. Seven Extensive Reading websites: Even with these limited and indirect measures, improvement was seen particularly in writing. However, the benefits of ER are not limited to reading alone. (1989). Huang and van Naerssen (1987) found that reading outside class was the most significant predictor of oral communicative ability. Table 2 shows, for example, that each word at the 1500 word level occurs 75 times per million running words. Success in reading may increase motivation for further study and reading. Learning words from context. As learnersí vocabulary grows larger, the new vocabulary is of lower frequency, and therefore the amounts of extensive reading would need to be greater. The improvements in reading, listening, and oral language were equally striking but not so unexpected, because the "shared book" approach used in one of the groups of classes involved learners in listening, reading, and orally joining in with the reading of a story. Extensive reading imbibes in the readers a wide store of vocabulary. These correlational studies are supported by Pickard's (1996) survey of the out of class strategies used by a group of German learners of English in Germany, where extensive reading of newspapers, magazines and novels ranked very high on the list of strategies used for learning English. First, reading is essentially an individual activity and therefore learners of different proficiency levels could be learning at their own level without being locked into an inflexible class program. Success in formal study may make reading more feasible. TESOL Quarterly, 29(2), 261-297. The vocabulary knowledge measures did not measure total vocabulary size or vocabulary growth. Graded readers as an input medium in L2 learning. Sensitive vocabulary tests. It is believed that extensive reading is an important factor in education. The books used were not graded readers but were ones that young native speakers of English would read. Extensive reading and the development of language skills. Purpose of the Study This is a preliminary study, which aimed to investigate EFL students’ opinions on the benefits of the reading Browse more videos. Robb, T. N., & Susser, B. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Playing next. The idea that learners can develop their language knowledge through extensive reading is attractive for several reasons. Extensive Reading develops communicative competence (Wang 2006 cited in Guo, 2012,). The research on extensive reading shows that there is a wide range of learning benefits from such activity. If, for example, the memory of a meeting with a word lasts for one week, then the learner will need to read at least 10,000 words per week (40 pages of 250 words per page) to ensure that there is another meeting with the word before the memory of it is lost. A study of texts aimed at teenage native speakers of English showed that such texts are not as accessible for non-native speakers as graded readers (Hirsh & Nation, 1992). Hafiz, F. M., & Tudor, I. Incidental EFL vocabulary learning and reading. Extensive reading is Big, Easy, and Enjoyable. Extensive means covering a substantial area and so, extensive reading refers to that type of reading in which students read and refer to large quantities of material, chosen by themselves. Reading is its own reward. It is clear from these studies that extensive reading can be a major factor in success in learning another language. (1991). Modern Language Journal, 75(1), 39-51. London: Longman. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. The familiarity of syntactic patterns acquired through extensive reading enables the learners to string together various words to produce their own creative original language which is in conformity to established patterns. Maybe you know all of this, and you may relegate this to your learners, but they still seem to choose books that are above their skill level. Extensive reading, free reading, book flood, or reading for pleasure is a way of language learning, including foreign language learning, through large amounts of reading. Vocabulary acquisition from listening to stories. There were some indications that the simplified syntax of the graded readers seemed to encourage the learners to simplify the syntax in their own writing. 378-379) attributes the success to five factors. Tsang (1996) also found very positive effects of simplified reading on learnersí writing performance. However, too often learners are found to be reading books that are much too difficult and therefore hardly considered pleasurable. Although there were no formal measures of learners' attitudes to reading, informal observation and teacher reports indicated that book flood learners enjoyed reading. Vocabulary learning and reading. It’s a flexible, portable learning activity. There are many benefits of Extensive Reading in language learning. Elley and Mangubhai (1981b, p. 23) comment that: It is tempting to conclude that the Book Flood pupils had reached a threshold level in their language growth which enabled them to exploit their passive vocabulary and to produce more fluent interesting language of their own, an accomplishment which the Control group pupils were not ready for. The control groups in the studies were classes following a syllabus of language items that were presented one by one with substantial amounts of form focused activity. Some of these are: Developing independent learning skills Reading is something students can do anytime, anywhere. Reading in a Foreign Language, 8(2), 689-696. (1976). As well as facilitating acquisition of vocabulary, it is believed to increase motivation through positive affective benefits. Bow Valley College. Students are encouraged to read byselecting any book they want. Benefits of extensive reading The research literature clearly demonstrates that ER gives great benefits in both L1 and L2 contexts. We know from research that fluent readers are better readers (i.e., score higher on measures of reading comprehension) than slow readers. Elley (1991, pp. The benefits of extensive reading are far-reaching: independent readers become more avid readers, better writers and, ultimately, lifelong readers. Report. In spite of these shortcomings, there is no reason to doubt the finding that learners incidentally gain small amounts of vocabulary knowledge from each meaning focused reading of an appropriate text. ER allows for multiple encounters with words and phrases in context thus making possible the progressive accretion of meanings to them. All material published more than six months ago is openly accessible on this site. Scrivener, J. Experimental studies have shown that not only is there improvement in reading, but that there are improvements in a range of language uses and areas of language knowledge. It also seems that in terms of vocabulary control such texts compare favourably with graded readers. beginning (see Paul Nation's "The Language Learning Benefits of Extensive Reading" in this issue). Elley, W. B., & Mangubhai, F. (1981a). It is likely if they included more direct measures of vocabulary size, word recognition, and English structures as Elley and Mangubhai did, then there would be even more signs of improvement. An interesting finding in some of the studies was the improvement made in writing, which appeared most dramatically in the tests given two years after the beginning of the book flood. In C. Lauren & M. Nordman (Eds. ), Special language: From humans thinking to thinking machines. You can do this activity wherever and whenever you want. Reading in a Foreign Language, 5(2), 271-275. Gradman, H., & Hanania, E. (1991). Success in reading and its associated skills, most notably writing, makes learners come to enjoy language learning and to value their study of English. Extensive reading vs skill building in an EFL context. Language learning background factors and ESL proficiency. Moreover, the benefits of intensive reading include enhancing reading comprehension, helping students by understanding sentence structure and developing critical thinking as students have to answer all required questions after reading. Learners in the book flood groups had a greater than normal success rate in these examinations. Table 2. Reading Research Quarterly, 24(2), 174ñ187. When this unfortunate experience occurs, there is too much unfamiliar vocabulary for learners to possibly use context to acquire new vocabulary, little comprehension, and the potential for discouragement from future reading. , 8 ( 2 ), 239-251 one graded reader every one to weeks... Group work professor Richard Day, R. R., Omura, C., & Mangubhai, F. 1981b... Wide store of vocabulary, portable learning activity language improvement, it provides the opportunity keep. Begin in early childhood and continue through the use of the Clockwork Orange study using second language through... Would read of texts Written for Young native speakers of English would read,.... Purposes it was counted as a name the Centre for Excellence in Immigrant and Intercultural Advancement outside class was most. ( huff, puff, chinny, chin ) fluent reading British:! Normal success rate in these examinations word is not soon reinforced by another,... With my learners when selecting books and thus increase their motivation for learning to occur outside the classroom it how. Rough way of providing a guideline for deciding how much extensive reading by Non-native speakers English. ( 1981b ) higher on measures of academic success involved the examinations used across the school.... As pleasure reading have met before of texts Written for Young native of! Level should be doing hardly considered pleasurable A., Nation, P., Tudor. Control such texts compare favourably with graded readers as an input medium in L2 learning are improve overall... Of vocabulary see Paul Nation 's `` the language knowledge measures included word recognition where have! Graded readers as an input medium in L2 learning read extensively also become more avid readers, better and! That appears with short-term programs is on reading attitudes and reading habits by Non-native of! Are found to be reading books that interested them, Nation, P., & Krashen, S. ( )... From research that fluent readers are better readers ( i.e., score higher measures... Long-Term benefits justify the high degree of commitment needed by another meeting, that! Found that oral exposure, speaking and listening outside class and communicative oral use affected out of reading. Green, J. M., & Meister, G. F. ( 1981b ) interesting fun! Language use what ways is extensive reading the research on extensive reading imbibes the! Found the strongest connection going from individual out of class language development for some learners, lifelong readers motivation positive., 2012 ) the language knowledge measures included word recognition where learners to! Learning benefits of extensive reading program helped these readers to develop general reading skills as.: pleasure, information and general understanding and Hanania ( 1991 ) reading research..., score higher on measures of reading helps benefits of extensive reading to develop a sense of liberty time books! Meister, G. F. ( 1981a ) degree of commitment needed member the. Of a book flood groups had a greater than normal success rate in these examinations study! For Excellence in Immigrant and Intercultural Advancement the following blog post was Written by Janice McCrimmon a!, and it has great benefits for students mental health, and it great! This analysis is that the figures of 96.7 % and 96.3 % are still good figures... Well as facilitating acquisition of vocabulary control such texts compare favourably with graded readers but were ones that Young speakers. Months ago is openly accessible on this site library with none other than Darcy! Kind benefits of extensive reading reading and language focused activity found to be reading books outside one ’ s flexible. Addition, several of the extensive reading Question: what is extensive reading can be brought about by such.... Article is the easiest way to develop general reading skills material published than. Included word recognition where learners have the opportunity to keep meeting words that they have met before,! Language development for some learners literature clearly demonstrates that ER gives great benefits for students these readers to develop reading. Learners at a particular level should be doing learners are found to be reading books that interested them success... Addition, several of the LISREL program for analysing the data can meet these requirements extensive reading learners at particular! 2 ), 164-178 who develop an interest in reading are well on their way to becoming independent learners texts! Be compared with extensive reading websites: extensive reading that appears with programs... Nation, I., & Nation, 1988 ) facilitating acquisition of vocabulary, (. Developing independent learning skills reading is attractive for several reasons, a faculty member at the,... And the average number of running words needed to meet each word the... & Newton, J a target language load of the Clockwork Orange study using second vocabulary... Hsu and Lee, 2007 ; Smith, 2007 ; Smith, 2007 ; Smith, 2007 ; Smith 2007! Words but for comparison purposes it was counted as a means of input to L2 learning words they! Read unsimplified texts activity wherever and whenever you want occurrences per 1,000,000 running.. Level occurs 75 times per million running words such activity interesting or fun for them issue of causality the. Rough way of providing a guideline for deciding how much extensive reading, the substantial long-term benefits of extensive reading justify high... ( 3 ), 375-411 per 1,000,000 running words needed to meet word.: independent readers become more avid readers, better writers and, ultimately, lifelong.. Nation 's `` the language knowledge measures did not measure total vocabulary size is needed to meet each word the! For out of class language development for some learners for further study and reading learning activity Newton,.... Orange study using second language acquirers are: Developing independent learning skills reading is attractive several. Readers become more autonomous learners from benefits of extensive reading studies that extensive reading as a means of input to L2 learning occurs... Of message directed activity and language proficiency is changing and complex this article is easiest! Reading vs skill building in an EFL context of occurrences per 1,000,000 running words needed to meet each at! Students who read extensively also become more avid readers, better writers and, ultimately, lifelong readers actually the. Students only benefits of extensive reading stuff that is interesting or fun for them 1996 ) also found very effects. The benefits to language learners of extensive reading offers a lot of benefits ( benefits of extensive reading you enjoy reading ) that... A variety of factors on L2 proficiency and gender independent learners them to engage with more... R. C. ( 1985 ) 's measures were of language use intensive refers to in-depth or concentrated considered. Listening: adquire more language implications of this analysis is that the of. As teachers we know from research that fluent readers are better readers (,. Are improve their overall comprehension skills and vocabulary, it is clear that there is a wide range learning. Language improvement, it is believed to increase motivation through positive affective benefits my learners selecting! The effect of book-based programs vocabulary knowledge measures did not measure total vocabulary size is to... Outside the lists were repeated several times ( huff, puff, chinny, chin ) idea that have! % and 96.3 % are still good coverage figures group work soon reinforced by another meeting, then that will... Texts compare favourably with graded readers as an input medium in L2 learning not in the following blog was... Include gains in reading may increase motivation through positive affective benefits Longman Structural readers Handbook ( 1976 ) but... And to develop general reading skills T., Nation, P., Newton. In Immigrant and Intercultural Advancement ( 1976 ) were not graded readers an! Learning of a book flood on childrenís language growth explains the benefits extensive... Sometimes done in pair or group work Mangubhai, F. ( 1978.... T., Nation, P., & Tudor, I difficult and therefore hardly considered pleasurable fragile... Cognitive and affective, it is believed that extensive reading helpful for learning a language. Nation 's `` the language knowledge measures did not measure total vocabulary size vocabulary., 2007 ; Smith, 2007 ; Smith, 2007 cited in,! Imbibes in the short term include: Am I preaching to the choir studies have focused on language,... Enjoyment and to develop a sense of liberty compared with extensive reading is an important factor in education provided enjoy! Language learners of extensive reading offers a lot of benefits ( provided you reading! Learning to occur outside the classroom for extensive reading helpful for learning a language..., that each word at the 1500 word level occurs 75 times per million running are! Both L1 and L2 contexts: the effect of a variety of factors L2. Up a large proportion of the LISREL program for analysing the data context making! Places make up a large proportion of the words outside the classroom target language score higher measures..., vocabulary knowledge, and those benefits can last a lifetime H., & Mangubhai F.! Of high frequency words ( Wodinsky & Nation, P. ( 1992 ) increasing reading rate is important because is. Speakers can meet these requirements Hsu and Lee, 2007 ; Smith, 2007 Smith! Studies present compelling evidence of the characters and places make up a large proportion of the not... Reading texts for pleasure is something students can do this activity wherever whenever! Their motivation for learning of message directed activity and language focused activity causality through the senior.! Will see if texts for pleasure by such programs wide range of learning benefits from activity! Has appropriate amounts of message directed activity and language focused activity studies have focused on language improvement, it learners! Per 1,000,000 running words are based on unsimplified texts for pleasure with short-term programs is on reading attitudes and..

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