Figure 1 The light-dependent reactions harness energy from the sun to produce ATP and NADPH. Photosynthesis - Photosynthesis - The pathway of electrons: The general features of a widely accepted mechanism for photoelectron transfer, in which two light reactions (light reaction I and light reaction II) occur during the transfer of electrons from water to carbon dioxide, were proposed by Robert Hill and Fay Bendall in 1960. The Calvin cycle is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules (Figure 1). They fed Chlorella and Scenedesmus with radioactive 14C in carbon dioxide. The first stable compound produced in Calvin cycle is a 3 carbon compound namely 3 phosphoglyceric acid (PGA). In the stroma, in addition to CO 2, two other chemicals are present to initiate the Calvin cycle: an enzyme abbreviated RuBisCO, and the molecule ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). History of Calvin Cycle: The cycle was discovered by Calvin, Benson and their colleagues in California, U.S.A. Kathleen. If you remember the equation for photosynthesis outlined above, six carbon dioxide molecules were notated as the basic reactant. The Calvin cycle is a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow. Radio­active carbon, 14C has a half life of 5568 years. Hence Calvin cycle is also called C3 cycle. The Calvin cycle, Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle, reductive pentose phosphate cycle (RPP cycle) or C3 cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplast in photosynthetic organisms.. 0 0. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the History and Phases of Calvin Cycle. I do agree with the previous answer, questions like this you can just google, or look at your biology book. The Calvin cycle reactions (Figure 2) can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. Lv 4. Source(s): https://shrink.im/baiWS. • The Calvin cycle is similar to the Krebs cycle in that the starting material is regenerated by the end of the cycle. Every living thing on Earth depends on the Calvin cycle. The chief products of the Calvin cycle are triose phosphate (TP), which is a mixture of DHAP and G3P, and fructose 6-phosphate. Therefore, the […] C4 is the alternative pathway of Calvin cycle (C3 cycle) taking place during the dark phase of photosynthesis. In the Calvin cycle aldolase also catalyzes the production of sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate from DHAP and erythrose 4-phosphate. Calvin and his colleagues, Andrew Benson and James Bassham, did the work at the University of California, Berkeley. In plants, carbon dioxide (CO 2) enters the chloroplast through the stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the site of the Calvin cycle reactions where sugar is synthesized.The reactions are named after the scientist who discovered them, and reference the fact that the reactions function as a cycle. • ATP is the energy source, while NADPH is the reducing agent that adds high-energy electrons to form sugar. 5 years ago. • Carbon enters the Calvin cycle as CO2 and leaves as sugar. Hatch and Slack Cycle. The conversion of CO2 to carbohydrate is called Calvin Cycle or C3 cycle and is named after Melvin Calvin who discovered it. Calvin Cycle requires the enzyme ribulose-1,5 … The Interworkings of the Calvin Cycle. Both are also needed to regenerate RuBP. The Calvin cycle is named after Melvin C. Calvin, who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for finding it in 1961. Calvin Cycle Location. Plants depend on the Calvin cycle for energy and food.Other organisms, including herbivores, also depend on it indirectly because they depend on plants for food. The plants that undergo Calvin cycle for carbon fixation are known as C3 plants. The cycle is light-independent because it takes place after the energy has been captured from sunlight.. The Calvin Cycle Plants use energy from the sun in tiny energy factories called chloroplasts.Using chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis, they convert the sun's energy into storable form in ordered sugar molecules such as glucose.In this way, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil in a more disordered state are combined to form the more ordered sugar molecules. , Benson and their colleagues in California, Berkeley in this article we will discuss the... The first stable compound produced in Calvin cycle is similar to the Krebs cycle in the... 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