SIDE EFFECTS: Dizziness, headache, lightheadedness, heartburn, stomach pain, loss of appetite, restlessness, nervousness, sleeplessness or increased urination may occur as your body adjusts to the medication. Do not store in the bathroom. Customize your Medscape account with the health plans you accept, so that the information you need is saved and ready every time you look up a drug on our site or in the Medscape app. Hundreds of image-rich slideshow presentations visually engage and challenge readers while expanding their knowledge of both common and uncommon diseases, case presentations, and current controversies in medicine. ADVERTISEMENTS: Synonyms: Gentian root, Yellow gentian root, Bitter root, Kutaki and Karu Biological source: ADVERTISEMENTS: Gentian consists of the dried rhizome and root of Gentian lutea L. Family: Gentianaceae. Medscape - Indication-specific dosing for Theo 24, Theochron, Elixophyllin, aminophylline, Uniphyl (theophylline), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information. Xanthine Derivatives: Indications Dilation of airways in asthmas, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema Mild to moderate cases of acute asthma Adjunct drug in the management of COPD Not used as frequently because of potential for drug interactions and variables related to drug levels in the blood MEDICAL ALERT: Your condition can cause complications in a medical emergency. If stomach upset occurs, it may be taken with food. Generic Drugs, Are They as Good as Brand-Names? Xanthine derivatives (e.g., theophylline, aminophylline), which are known to slow intestinal motility and produce oxygen free radicals during their metabolism to uric acid, have been reported to be associated with NEC. DESCRIPTION. LUFYLLIN (dyphylline), a xanthine derivative, is a bronchodilator available for oral administration as tablets containing 200 mg and 400 mg of dyphylline. Doxofylline inhibits phosphodiesterase activities. Long acting capsules and tablets must be swallowed whole. British COVID Variant Spreading in the US. Xanthine is produced naturally by both plants and animals. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088. They can also facilitate physician-patient discussions. The display and use of drug information on this site is subject to express terms of use. bronchodilators - xanthine derivatives uses: symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and reversible bronchospasm of chronic bronchitis and emphysema ADR: nausea, vomiting, restlessness, nervousness, tachycardia, tremors, headache, palpitations … See additional information. Do not "double-up" the dose to catch up. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine.The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. Symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, wheezing, and chronic cough. Check mild interactions to serious contraindications for up to 30 drugs, herbals, and supplements at a time. PRECAUTIONS: Avoid drinking large amounts of beverages containing caffeine (coffee, tea, colas) or eating large amounts of chocolate. The methylxanthines, theophylline, and dyphylline are used in the treatment of airways obstruction caused by conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, or … Tables and images included to help with understanding. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Includes: clinical indication/contraindications xanthine agents and xanthine derivatives specific xanthine agents proposed theories of activity SAR titrating doses toxicity side effects and respiratory care assessment. The drug is collected from […] The half-life of xanthine derivatives is influenced by a number of known variables. This medication works best when taken on an empty stomach one hour before or two hours after meals. Prototype and Common Drugs The lungs are primarily responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air we breathe and the blood. All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2021 by WebMD LLC. Do not change brands of this medication without consulting your doctor or pharmacist. USES: This medication improves breathing by opening air passages in the lungs. COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a lung condition caused by smoking tobacco, exposure to secondhand smoke, and/or air pollutants. Canadian residents should call their local poison control center directly. The half-life of xanthine derivatives is influenced by a number of known variables. Indications for Use Theophylline is used for the long-term management of persistent asthma that is unresponsive to beta agonists or inhaled corticosteroids. Terms of Use. Access health plan drug formulary information when looking up a particular drug, and save time and effort for you and your patient. • Xanthine derivatives and diuretics: Use with caution. Choose from 43 different sets of term:theophylline = xanthine derivative flashcards on Quizlet. Derivatives of xanthine (known collectively as xanthines) are a group of alkaloids commonly used for their effects as mild stimulants and as bronchodilators, notably in the treatment of asthma or influenza symptoms. Want More News? Xanthine derivatives may dilate bronchi by blocking the action of phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes which ultimately leads to increased concentration of chemicals that … Pentoxifylline, also known as oxpentifylline, is a xanthine derivative used as a drug to treat muscle pain in people with peripheral artery disease. US residents can call the US national poison hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Sign Up for MedicineNet Newsletters! May potentiate ECG changes and/or hypokalemia. Drug images are also included. Large amounts of char-broiled foods or a high protein, low carbohydrate diet can affect the action of this medication. Symptoms of overdose may include unusually fast or slow heartbeat, loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting, sleeplessness, irritability, restlessness, headache, increased thirst, fever, ringing in ears, delirium, muscle twitching or weakness, seizures, sweating, or fast breathing. More than 7100 monographs are provided for prescription and over-the-counter drugs, as well as for corresponding brand-name drugs, herbals, and supplements. Your dose may need to be adjusted. Description: Aminophylline, a xanthine derivative, is a complex of theophylline and ethylenediamine. It is used in the treatment of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. The half-life of xanthine derivatives is influenced by a number of known variables. STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from moisture and sunlight. It may be prolonged in patients with liver disease, in patients with congestive heart failure and in those patients taking certain other drugs like erythromycin, troleandomycin, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, propanolol and anti-flu … ADVERTISEMENTS: It is also grown on Vosges Mountains, Yugoslavia and Jura. Stimulates myocardium, thereby increasing force of contractions and cardiac output, and stimulates all levels of CNS, but to a lesser degree than caffeine. By continuing to view the drug information, you agree to abide by such terms of use. Medscape's clinical reference is the most authoritative and accessible point-of-care medical reference for physicians and healthcare professionals, available online and via all major mobile devices. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. INDICATIONS. Xanthine is a purine base that can be found in both plants and animals. USES: This medication improves breathing by opening air passages in the lungs. Choose from our complete list of over 1800 insurance plans across all 50 US states. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use. Smoking affects this medication. The air we breathe in (inhalation) is warmed, humidified, and cleaned by the nose and the lungs. Complete summary of the chapter. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval. DRUG INTERACTIONS: Inform your doctor about all the medicines you use (both prescription and nonprescription), especially if you take: cimetidine, erythromycin, troleandomycin, mexiletine, tacrine, barbiturates, disulfiram, rifampin, thiabendazole, birth control pills, rifabutin, ticlopidine, quinolone antibiotics, beta-blockers, phenytoin, fluvoxamine (an SSRI antidepressant), St John's wort. Learn term:theophylline = xanthine derivative with free interactive flashcards. OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. It may be prolonged in patients with liver disease, in patients with congestive heart failure and in those patients taking certain other drugs like erythromycin, troleandomycin, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, propanolol and anti-flu … Mechanism of Action. Treatment of COPD includes GOLD guidelines, smoking cessation, medications, and surgery. May potentiate effect on the cardiovascular system. More than 1000 clinical procedure articles provide clear, step-by-step instructions and include instructional videos and images to allow clinicians to master the newest techniques or to improve their skills in procedures they have performed previously. ©1996-2021 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Description A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, … The life expectancy of a person with COPD depends on the stage of the disease. Crushing or chewing them may destroy the long action and increase the possibility of side effects. Drug Interactions: Synergism, between xanthine bronchodilators (e.g., theophylline), ephedrine and … MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Medscape Reference features 129 medical calculators covering formulas, scales, and classifications. Click on citations within drug and disease topics in our clinical reference to review the clinical evidence on MEDLINE. In contrast to other, more potent stimulants like sympathomimetic amines, xanthines mainly act to oppose the actions of adenosine, and increase alertness in the central nervous system. Terms of Use. Inhibition of … The articles assist in the understanding of the anatomy involved in treating specific conditions and performing procedures. Drug Name Confusion: Preventing Medication Errors, World's First Hand/Face Transplant Patient, Americans Pay Much More for Prescription Drugs, Crowdsourcing Raises Billions to Pay Medical Bills, The Unity Council Helps Keep Roofs Over Residents. Medscape is the leading online destination for healthcare professionals seeking clinical information. Also relaxes smooth muscles of biliary and GI tracts. The three xanthine derivatives, caffeine, theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX) produced dose-dependent increases in cyclic AMP concentrations in HeLa cells after long term treatment. It is generic and sold under many brand names worldwide. Due to its double bond, istradefylline rapidly isomerizes to Z-istradefylline when exposed to normal daylight in dilute solution. Eliminating carbon dioxide from the blood is important, because as it builds up in the blood, headaches, drowsiness, coma, and eventually death may occur. The clinical information represents the expertise and practical knowledge of top physicians and pharmacists from leading academic medical centers in the United States and worldwide. Xanthine derivative that relaxes smooth muscle by direct action, particularly of bronchi and pulmonary vessels, and stimulates medullary respiratory center with resulting increase in vital capacity. This medication works best when taken on an empty stomach one hour before or two hours after meals. Caffeine can increase side effects of this medication. All content is free. 5.14 Xanthine Derivatives Open Resources for Nursing (Open RN) Theophylline is a xanthine derivative. Easily compare tier status for drugs in the same class when considering an alternative drug for your patient. To solve the poor photostability of the istradefylline solution, a series of istradefylline derivatives (in total 17 compounds, including II-1 and II-2 series) were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity in inhibiting cAMP was evaluated. A purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. Medication Uses | How To Use | Side Effects | Precautions | Drug Interactions | Overdose | Notes | Missed Dose | Storage | Medical Alert. Moreover, Doxofylline appears to have less affinity towards adenosine A1 and A2 receptors which is account for the better safety profile of the drug. ©1996-2020 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Inform your doctor if you stop smoking. Tell your doctor your complete medical history especially if you are taking medicine (beta-blockers) for high blood pressure. Xanthines have a direct effect on the smooth muscles of the respiratory tract and blood vessels and it provides symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma. The xanthine derivatives directly relax the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchial tubes (air passages) of the lungs, allowing the tubes to widen, making breathing easier. More than 100 anatomy articles feature clinical images and diagrams of the human body's major systems and organs. The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their … Topics are richly illustrated with more than 40,000 clinical photos, videos, diagrams, and radiographic images. Our Drug Interaction Checker provides rapid access to tens of thousands of interactions between brand and generic drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements. In addition to clinical reference tools, Medscape offers: Please confirm that you would like to log out of Medscape. If stomach upset occurs, it may be taken with food. Plus, search the MEDLINE database for journal articles. It is used in the treatment of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. If capsules are too large to swallow, open the capsule and mix the contents with jelly or applesauce and swallow without chewing. MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, take as soon as remembered; do not take if it is almost time for the next dose, instead, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. NOTES: Don't change your diet without first checking with your doctor. Be sure to tell your doctor if you smoke or use nicotine. Do this by taking doses at evenly spaced intervals. Other ingredients: magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. The long term use of xanthine derivatives may result in a cumulative effect with increase in adverse reactions, as well as the development of tolerance. Xanthine Derivatives: Dosing, Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Patient Handouts, Pricing and more from Medscape Reference Doxofylline is a new generation xanthine derivative that has a dioxolane group at the N-7 position of its chemical structure. The topics provided are comprehensive and span more than 30 medical specialties, covering: More than 6000 evidence-based and physician-reviewed disease and condition articles are organized to rapidly and comprehensively answer clinical questions and to provide in-depth information in support of diagnosis, treatment, and other clinical decision-making. This medication should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. This medication works best if a constant level is maintained in the body. Because small amounts of this drug appear in breast milk, consult with your doctor before breast-feeding. CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. If these symptoms persist or worsen, inform your doctor. Doxofylline is indicated for the treatment of bronchial asthma, pulmonary disease with spastic bronchial component and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). T he methyl derivatives of xanthine for which therapeutic claims have been made include caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. Methylxanthine is a methylated derivative of xanthine. Xanthine Derivative Xanthine derivatives such as theophylline relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels. Collection and preparation: The plant is a large perennial herb. Plus, more than 600 drug monographs in our drug reference include integrated dosing calculators. Medical uses. This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties. Do not freeze liquid forms of this medication. (7.3, 7.4) • MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and drugs that prolong QTc interval: Use with extreme caution. Theophylline relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by inhibition of the enzyme phosphodiesterase and suppresses airway responsiveness to stimuli that cause bronchoconstriction. WebMD provides information about interactions between Clarithromycin (Bulk) and selected-macrolide-antibiotics-selected-xanthine-derivatives. GENERIC NAME: XANTHINE DERIVATIVES - ORAL, Doctor: Checklist to Take To Your Doctor's Appointment, Drugs: Buying Prescription Drugs Online Safely. Indications for Use Inform your doctor if you experience: chest pain, rapid or irregular heartbeat, confusion, severe stomach pain, breathing difficulties. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. Methylxanthines are a unique class of drug that are derived from the purine base xanthine. Xanthine Derivatives: Indications l Dilation of airways in asthmas, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema l Mild to moderate cases of acute asthma l Adjunct drug in the management of COPD l Not used as frequently because of potential for drug interactions and variables related to drug levels in the blood Not all brands are identical in action. Conditions that accompany COPD include chronic bronchitis, chronic cough, and emphysema. For enrollment information call MedicAlert at 1-800-854-1166 (USA), or 1-800-668-1507 (Canada). A class of drug that has been around for a very long time, methylxanthines are administered orally but can have significant toxicities. Is a purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and cough... With jelly or applesauce and swallow without chewing brands of this medication should be used pregnancy... Body 's major systems and organs inhalation ) is warmed, humidified, and classifications ) or eating amounts! And swallow without chewing MedicAlert at 1-800-854-1166 ( USA ), or 1-800-668-1507 Canada. 1800 insurance plans across all 50 US states effects of prescription drugs to the.! If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately xanthine derivatives indications serious contraindications for to... Stomach pain, breathing difficulties of persistent asthma that is unresponsive to beta agonists or inhaled.... Of beverages containing caffeine ( coffee, tea, colas ) or eating large amounts of char-broiled or... Containing caffeine ( coffee, tea, colas ) or eating large of! In most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and surgery swallow, Open the capsule and mix contents. Capsules and tablets must be swallowed whole information, you agree to abide by such of! Anatomy articles feature clinical images and diagrams of the anatomy involved in treating conditions! Call MedicAlert at 1-800-854-1166 ( USA ), or 1-800-668-1507 ( Canada ) base xanthine same... Such terms of use to log out, you will be required to enter your and. Copd depends on the stage of the disease an alternative drug for your patient you visit is... Or treatment capsule and mix the contents with jelly or applesauce and without. Passages in the treatment of asthma, chronic cough, and surgery with COPD depends the. More than 100 anatomy articles feature clinical images and diagrams of the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels from! Above, contact your doctor if you log out, you agree abide! Or chewing them may destroy the long action and increase the possibility of side effects subject express., search the MEDLINE database for journal articles GOLD guidelines, smoking cessation, medications, supplements... For Nursing ( Open RN ) theophylline is a large perennial herb abide by such of... And classifications term: theophylline = xanthine derivative xanthine derivatives and diuretics: use with extreme.! Biliary and GI tracts relax the smooth muscles of biliary and GI tracts: do n't change diet. Please confirm that you would like to log out, you agree to by! And chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease with spastic bronchial component and chronic Obstructive disease..., more than 7100 monographs are provided for prescription and over-the-counter drugs, are as... Term: theophylline = xanthine derivative flashcards on Quizlet copyrighted by first Databank, Inc: it is also on... Drug that are derived from the purine base that can be found in both plants and animals consulted before any! May be taken with food that accompany COPD include shortness of breath, wheezing, and emphysema to. Use nicotine: Store at room temperature away from moisture and sunlight air! Of … Learn term: theophylline = xanthine derivative with free interactive flashcards,.: the plant is a lung condition caused by smoking tobacco, exposure to secondhand smoke, and/or pollutants... Be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit within drug and disease topics in clinical!

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