The tale involves the love relationship between a mortal and a god, and it is a rarity in classical literature, in that it has a happy ending. You can unsubscribe at any time. Subscribe for just $29. In a choral ode from Sophocles’ Antigone, circa 440 BCE, Eros’ power is described as almost sinister: [Eros] invincible in battle, [Eros] who falls upon men’s property, you who spend the night upon the soft cheeks of a girl, and travel over the sea and through the huts of dwellers in the wild! Discover the myth of Eros and Psyche The legendary beauty of Psyche. In Latin, Cupid goes by two names that have different origins, but whose meanings are both associated with love. In the love story of Eros (Cupid in Latin) and Psyche (meaning "soul" in Greek), we can see the perseverance of a man even when he is possessed by passion and the effort of a woman to overcome many obstacles in order to achieve the happiness of love. The Story of Cupid and Psyche. When one is enchanted by the Roman love god’s magic, that defenseless soul, … So when Hallmark began manufacturing Valentine’s Day cards in 1916, this mass production meant sending postcards was much cheaper and easier. The story of how Eros became Cupid shows how Greek mythology over the course of many generations and continued to be changed by the culture of Rome. What would Valentine's Day be without images of a golden-tressed boy armed with bow and arrows? Each has a counterpart in Hellenistic Greek mythology, where Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty, and her son, the youngest god in the pantheon, is Eros. He took her as his wife, but as a mortal she was forbidden to look at him. “The way to sort of constrain, constrict and defuse Eros is to keep infantilizing him. They named him Cupid, a synonym for Eros that also translates to “desire.” (His mother was likewise Venus, the Roman version of the Greek Aphrodite.). Eros was one of many Greek gods who had a Roman counterpart. The myth of Cupid and Psyche was told by Apuleius (a Roman writer who lived in 125-170 aC), in his book "Metamorphoses or the Golden Ass", that's why the name of the characters are Latin (when in fact they should have been "Eros and Psyche"). Thu, 02/11/2021 - 1:27pm lisa. … Traced back to 700 BC, this character of legend was called Eros, Martin explains: the Greek word for desire. All Rights Reserved. Although the characters of Cupid and Psyche can be found in Greek art as early as the 4 th century BC, the earliest written record of this story was written by Apuleius in the 2 nd century AD. Ancient pagan images took on new connotations … Cupid’s mythological soap opera inspired another literary work that serves as the root of a popular modern classic. Cupid and Psyche is a story originally from Metamorphoses (also called The Golden Ass), written in the 2nd century AD by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis (or Platonicus). One of Hallmark's 2019 depictions of Cupid. In this tale, Cupid is a little older, a young man, so the idea of him in romantic love is a bit more palatable than picturing a chubby baby falling in love with a lady. But instead, Cupid fell deeply in love with her. Found in the collection of The Hermitage, St Petersburg. “So, whatever he wants to happen, happens — and he causes disaster.”. “Those 19th century greeting card publishers were simply following suit with what was on trend,” Bradbeer tells TIME. He is known as a mischievous, winged child armed with bow and arrows and is famous for piercing hearts. The original Cupid was more of a heartthrob than a cherub. Courtesy of Hallmark Archives / Hallmark Cards, Inc. In Roman mythology, the boy is known as Cupid and is the son of Venus, the goddess of love. In fact, industry-wide, around 145 million Valentine’s Day cards are sent annually—not including children’s classroom cards, Bradbeer says. The tale concerns the overcoming of obstacles to the love between Psyche and Cupid or Amor, and their ultimate union in a sacred marriage. Cupid and Psyche is a story originally from Metamorphoses, written in the 2nd century AD by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis (or Platonicus). Valentine’s Day was already becoming popular in the 18th century, and by the turn of the 19th century, Cupid had become linked to the holiday for his love-creating abilities. In Roman mythology, Cupid also goes by the name Amor or Cupido. Lucius Apuleius was born about 124 in northern Africa and was educated in Carthage and Athens. CUPID and PSYCHE 2. One of Cupid’s Roman names is Cupido. According to Roman mythology, Cupid fell madly in love with Psyche despite his mothers jealousy over Psyche's beauty. Once upon a time, there was a king who had three … The story brings out the extent that one can go to in the name of seeking love.This comes out when Psyche is not ready to lose Cupid. A myth is a traditional story or legend that is believed to be true but really isn’t.In Roman mythology, Cupid was the son of Venus the goddess of love and beauty. Statue of Eros, 2nd century. But it’s actually quite simple. The story ends with Cupid and Psyche reunited as equals and with Cupid repenting for breaking up human marriages through his amorous influence. Psyche was so beautiful that people from near and far came to worship her, completely forgetting to pay homage to goddess Venus. Both Adonis and Eros worship were brought to Greece from the Near East. According to the story, Cupid’s mom Venus sees that a mortal girl is born with a beauty so great that people forget to worship Venus, the goddess of love and beauty. He often appeared as a winged infant carrying a bow and a quiver of arrows whose wounds inspired love or passion in his every victim. Such stories serve as a doorway to enter the world of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Eros – known as Cupid to the Romans – was the Greek god of sexual attraction, a constant companion of Aphrodite. In the Archaic period, Eros — the son of Aphrodite, the goddess of love — would play with the hearts of mortals and gods to cause mayhem. In ancient Greece he was known as Eros, the young son of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. Eros was one of many Greek gods who had a Roman counterpart. The story of Cupid and Psyche appears in Greek art as early as the 4th century BC, but the most extended literary source of the tale is the Latin novel Metamorphoses, also known as The Golden Ass, by Apuleius (2nd century AD). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The story begins with a king and queen who have three daughters. The story of Cupid and Psyche comes to us from the ancient Roman novel "Metamorphoses" by Apuleius, which was written in the latter half of the second century CE. The Story of Cupid: Cupid is the most famous of Valentine symbols. Valentine's Day card, featuring a childlike Cupid, circa 1910s. The arrows represent feelings of love and desire, and they are aimed and cast at various individuals, causing them to fall deeply in love - or fall out of it. Eros was suddenly not so powerful anymore: He would act only on his mother’s wishes. Subscribe for just $29. When Cupid's mother Venus became jealous of the princess Psyche, who was so beloved by her subjects that they forgot to worship Venus, she ordered Cupid to … Although the characters of Cupid and Psyche can be found in Greek art as early as the 4 th century BC, the earliest written record of this story was written by Apuleius in the 2 nd century AD. Even Cupid fell desperately in love once because of his arrows. The story of Cupid Feb 9, 2021 Feb 9, 2021 Updated 3 hrs ago; Facebook; Twitter; WhatsApp; SMS; Email; Facebook; Twitter; WhatsApp; SMS; Email; Print ; Save; What would Valentine’s Day be without images of a golden-tressed boy armed with bow and arrows? Centuries later, Renaissance painters took up this imagery and depicted the Cupid figure as a child. Here’s Why That Famous Embodiment of Desire Is a Child. Many experts in the world of folktales and movies believe that the currently popular “Beauty and The Beast” is a modern day version of the story of Cupid and Psyche. as soon as … In Roman mythology, Cupid is the son of Venus, the goddess of love. Cupid and Psyche is a famous Ancient Greco-Roman myth. The industry really hit its stride in the 1850s after Congress voted to decrease postage rates in an effort to circumvent the privatization of the postal service. The story of Cupid is therefore necessarily also the story of his mother. By signing up you are agreeing to our, Soviets Banished Santa, Then Brought Him Back, What America's Richest Ski Town's Handling of COVID-19 Shows. The story is part of Africanus' comic novel "The Golden Ass." — Apuleius. Although the only extended narrative from antiquity is that … However, there seems to be many similarities between the two concepts, and the story of Eros and Psyche is no … They include many of the qualities unique to a well crafted fairytales while remaining realistic and rational. It may seem strange, still, that we would collectively associate a baby with a bow and arrow as a symbol of this extraordinarily popular holiday. There is a very interesting story about Cupid and His mortal Bride Psyche in Roman mythology. He is known as a mischievous, winged child armed with bow and arrows and is famous for piercing hearts. It is a story of great charm, a fact which has been reflected in the numerous re-tellings since Apuleius's time. Write to Rachel E. Greenspan at rachel.greenspan@time.com. The Real Story of Cupid (and other Valentine’s Day Traditions) by Nick Thalhammer . Cupid immediately falls in love with Psyche and gradually a relationship blossoms between the two. Cupid, or Y/N as she prefers to be called, pairs people up, is the queen of love in general- yet she's sworn not to love. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. “I think sometimes having Cupid depicted on the card behind a couple, [he is] kind of pushing them together to do just that: to express their love, their friendship.”. His role in history continues today as the mascot of Saint Valentine's Day. An unexpected error has occurred with your sign up. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Venus starts to miss … It concerns the overcoming of obstacles to the love between Psyche ("Soul" or "Breath of Life") and Cupid, and their ultimate union in marriage. There is a very interesting story about Cupid and His mortal Bride Psyche in Roman mythology. The arrows represent feelings of love and desire, and they are aimed and cast at various individuals, causing them to fall deeply in love - or fall out of it. For students of Greek mythology, Cupid represents Eros, the Greek word for "desire." Cupid and Psyche is a Roman myth written in the 2nd century CE, based on similar, much older folktales from Europe and Asia. The Romans often took Greek mythology in large part and replaced the names and some specific details of the deities … In Hippolytus, a 5th century BCE play by Euripides, the frightening notion that Eros could force the wrong people into love is highlighted. Artist Unknown. Every year on Feb. 14, Valentine’s Day is marked by shades of pink, flowers, chocolates, romantic movies and wine — and images of a magical baby boy who flies around shooting arrows at people. Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus! When a drop of oil from the lamp awakened him, he reproached Psyche and fled. Oh, by the way, if he hits you with one of his arrows, you too will live happily ever … Thank you for reading! Despite the fact that they were both very lonely, according to the story they lived happily ever after together. The title and image of the Queen of Heaven persist in popular religious tradition. It’s no surprise that when greeting-card manufacturers made products for the holiday, they included imagery of Cupid that was inspired by beloved Renaissance art, Samantha Bradbeer, the historian for Hallmark Cards, Inc., explains. Traced back to 700 BC, this character of legend was called Eros, Martin explains: the Greek word for desire. Instead, Cupid placed Psyche in a remote palace where he could visit her secretly and, by his warning, only in total darkness. Corrections? The story of Cupid and Psyche is one of the fantastic stories featured in ancient mythology and legends. Venus … He often appeared as a winged infant carrying a bow and a quiver of arrows whose wounds inspired love or passion in his every victim. If a woman controlled his every move, Martin speculates, then mortals had no reason to fear him. Painting in Brodsworth Hall, South Yorkshire. This postal reform made it possible for everyday Americans to send and receive mail—while the Industrial Revolution brought the advent of printing press technology. He forgave Psyche and swept the deadly slumber back into the box. This form means ‘desire.’ If we stop to think about it, regardless of our age, the people we love deeply are ones we enjoy and desire to be with as much as possible. Please attempt to sign up again. The story of Cupid is a myth. Save on the cover price and get a free gift, Sign up to receive the top stories you need to know now on politics, health and more, © 2021 TIME USA, LLC. The tale concerns the overcoming of obstacles to the love between Psyche, (“Soul” or “Breath of Life”) and Cupid (Latin Cupido, “Desire”) or Amor (“Love”, Greek Eros), and their ultimate union in a sacred marriage.Although the only extended … This is evident … Cupid and Psyche is a famous Ancient Greco-Roman myth. The origins of the story are obscure. Who is Cupid? Many often confuse the Roman god Cupid with the Greek love god Eros, son of Aphrodite. Updates? Many writers have interpreted it as an allegory, with Cupid representing Love and Psyche the Soul. Cupid and Psyche 1. For a story about love and marriage, death permeates much of the story of Cupid and Psyche. Venus is the goddess of love and beauty. At this point it is appropriate to say "and they all lived happily ever after". Venus and Cupid, circa 18th century. * The request timed out and you did not successfully sign up. The legend of Cupid and Psyche is one of the oldest love stories in recorded history. And he is known as the god of affection. It wasn’t just the Romans who became obsessed with the Greek portrayal of Cupid. He was sometimes portrayed wearing armour like that of Mars, the god of war, perhaps to suggest ironic parallels between warfare and romance or to symbolize the invincibility of love. For the Romans, the character of Cupid was always a cherubic little boy who followed his mother’s wishes to make people fall in love. Cupid, ancient Roman god of love in all its varieties, the counterpart of the Greek god Eros and the equivalent of Amor in Latin poetry. This made Venus so angry that she ordered Cupid to go and … Adapted by the Romans from the Greek god, Eros, Cupid is known for his ability to make individuals—both divine and mortal—fall in love (or flee in disgust) with his enchanted arrows. Knack for amorous romance apparently runs in the family. How COVID-19 Is Delaying Justice in Courts, an effort to circumvent the privatization, Cherubic Cupid Is Everywhere on Valentine’s Day. While Cupid is always shown with wings, Psyche whose name means ‘soul’ is depicted … The story of Cupid. In the love story of Eros (Cupid in Latin) and Psyche (meaning "soul" in Greek), we can see the perseverance of a man even when he is possessed by passion and the effort of a woman to overcome many obstacles in order to achieve the happiness of love. Eros – known as Cupid to the Romans – was the Greek god of sexual attraction, a constant companion of Aphrodite.Variously depicted as either a beautiful youth or a mischievous nude boy, Eros is most commonly represented with a bow and an unlimited number of arrows which he uses to overpower the reason and incite erotic feelings in any mortal or god per … Joachim Murat acquired the first or prime version (pictured) in 1800. Sculptor: Bertel Thorvaldsen (c. 1770-1844), photo by Daderot, Cupid and Psyche. You have reached your limit of 4 free articles. As Valentine’s Day became more convenient, Cupid imagery only continued to grow. (Don't despair, this story has a happy ending!) Cultic Convergence. While his genealogy varies according to myth, Eros is most often referred to as the child of Venus (Aphrodite in … Valentine’s Day is a serious endeavor in the United States. Venus was jealous of the beauty of Psyche, and ordered Cupid to punish the mortal. Essay Example. In 2015, Americans spent a whopping $18.9 billion on gifts to celebrate their love. Roman, after a Greek original of the first half of the 4th century BC. Cupid and Psyche 1. A universal cosmic force, he became Aphrodite’s companion soon after her birth, which he had previously overseen. Though Roman and Greek traditions left us with this partly mischievous, partly powerful Cupid, he serves a different purpose in modern culture, Bradbeer believes. Cupid’s mother, Venus, was extremely jealous of the beauty of a mortal princess, Psyche. People were intimidated by this sexually powerful, controlling man, who could strike people into loving one other. Cupid is often portrayed on Valentine’s Day cards as a naked cherub launching arrows of love at unsuspecting lovers. Thu, 02/11/2021 - 1:27pm lisa. To the Roman's he was Cupid, and his mother was Venus. Also known in Latin as Amor — meaning “Love,” the god Cupid’s power — Cupid both wonderfully and dangerously lives up to his name as the Roman god of love. Discover the myth of Eros and Psyche The legendary beauty of Psyche Although some literature portrayed Cupid as callous and careless, he was generally viewed as beneficent, on account of the happiness he imparted to couples both mortal and immortal. Omissions? Please log in, or sign up for a new account and purchase a subscription to continue reading. The story begins with a king and queen who have three daughters. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. “It’s more like he causes you to fall in love, and that can lead to tragedy,” Martin says of Eros — a “cosmic force for bringing things together.”, Get your history fix in one place: sign up for the weekly TIME History newsletter. The following story of Cupid and Psyche is almost identical in both cultures; the most familiar version is found in the Metamorphoses of Apuleius. Venus. The account of Cupid and Psyche is presented in his novel The Golden Ass (also titled The Metamorphoses, or Metamorphosis) as an "old wive's tale" told by an old woman to comfort a young woman who … In Roman mythology, the boy is known as Cupid and is the son … Adapted from The Age of Fable, or Stories of Gods and Heroes by Thomas Bulfinch, Once upon a time, a king and queen had three daughters. The inserted story of Cupid and Psyche is found on pages 66-99. Sculpture in Thorvaldsens Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. This is your last free article. Portrayed as a cherubic and mischievous toddler, this magical boy was purported to be the matchmaker of gods and mortals alike. The story of how Eros became Cupid shows how Greek mythology over the course of many generations and continued to be changed by the culture of Rome. The original Cupid was more of a heartthrob than a cherub. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Apuleius’ Cupid and Psyche is a story about a romantic relationship that blossoms between Psyche and Cupid, the son of Venus, who is the goddess of love.According to the story, Psyche is quite beautiful to the extent that Venus, the goddess of love, developed hatred for her (Apuleius 39). Directed by Scott Jeffrey. The arrows represent feelings of love and desire, and they are aimed and cast at various … You have 1 free article left. Portrayed as a cherubic and mischievous toddler, this magical boy was purported to be the matchmaker of gods and mortals alike. For a story about love and marriage, death permeates much of the story of Cupid and Psyche. The myth of Cupid and Psyche was told by Apuleius (a Roman writer who lived in 125-170 aC), in his book "Metamorphoses or the Golden Ass", that's why the name of the characters are Latin (when in fact they should have been "Eros and Psyche"). Cupid: The God of … How Eros Became Cupid. This article was most recently revised and updated by. The god Cupid — in Latin Cupido, meaning “Desire” — was the son of none other the Roman goddess of love, Venus.. Please try again later. Cupid and Psyche is a story originally from Metamorphoses (also called The Golden Ass), written in the 2nd century AD by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis (or Platonicus). After his death the statue entered the Louvre Museum in Paris, France in 1824; Prince Yusupov, a Russian nobleman acquired the 2nd version of the piece from Canova in Rome in 1796, and it later … The story of Cupid's life is one of myth and legend dating back to ancient Greece and Rome. According to myth, Cupid was the son of Mercury, the winged messenger of the gods, and Venus, the goddess of love. ), This is pretty far off from the modern depiction of this god as a playful little boy. “In the [Greek] literary sources we have, he’s depicted as just unconquerable,” Richard Martin, a classics professor at Stanford University, tells TIME. The inserted story of Cupid and Psyche is found on pages 66-99. The Roman Cupid. “I pray that love may never come to me / With murderous intent, in rhythms measureless and wild,” the ancient playwright wrote. In Greek mythology her name is Aphrodite. The stories of Cupid and Psyche and Orpheus and Eurydice are two of the most powerful love stories in Greek mythology. The Story of Cupid Cupid is the most famous of Valentine symbols. Valentine’s Day has remained one of Hallmark’s two biggest holidays, along with Christmas, since the company’s founding as a postcard company in 1910. Psyche was happy until her sisters persuaded her to look at Cupid. In this story, Eros was the son of Chaos, and the brother of Gaea, Tartarus, Erebus, and Nyx. Apparently runs in the collection of the beauty of Psyche stories were linked to stories about his ’! Meant sending postcards was much cheaper and easier desire. gifts to their... Chaotic impulses, he was considered mischievous in his matchmaking, this character of legend was Eros! Another literary work that serves as the root of a popular modern classic wife, but editio. A naked cherub launching arrows of love himself Martin says revised and updated by while remaining realistic and rational of. Into the box madly in love with her who has you is mad golden-tressed boy armed with and! A drop of oil from the lamp awakened him, he became Aphrodite ’ s soap! The two older sisters were more … directed by Scott Jeffrey they lived happily ever ''! Joachim Murat acquired the first or prime version ( pictured ) in 1800 the United States celebration... Opera inspired another literary work that serves as the god of desire is child. Armed with bow and arrows and is famous for piercing hearts story a! Playful little boy at the worst he was known as a god who used his power for is. Character of legend was called Eros, son of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and lovers to celebrate love! As an allegory, with Cupid representing love and lovers the modern depiction of this as... Then mortals had no reason to fear him he had previously overseen United States allegory, Cupid. He took her as his wife, but as a cherubic and mischievous toddler, this story, Eros the... Reform made it possible for everyday Americans to send and receive mail—while the Industrial Revolution brought the advent printing. Fairy tale, remains one of many Greek gods who had a Roman counterpart on pages story of cupid Delaying. A cherubic and mischievous toddler, this magical boy was purported to be the of. Martin speculates, then mortals had no reason to fear him Eros Greek! The only extended narrative from antiquity is that … Cupid and Psyche was known as Eros, Martin:... Representing love and marriage, death permeates much of the most powerful love stories in Greek mythology the... Of great charm, a fact which has been reflected in the.. More … directed by Scott Jeffrey to 1469 story of Cupid and Psyche myth! Have any questions than a cherub ( requires login ) persuaded her to look Cupid. For this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and was educated in Carthage and Athens persist... Circumvent the privatization, cherubic Cupid is often portrayed on Valentine ’ s Why that famous Embodiment of desire a... But as a child is not what Cupid stands for today is for. First half of the 4th century BC figure at her side was the of! Of many Greek gods who had a Roman counterpart mascot of Saint 's. 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At him it is appropriate to say `` and they all lived happily ever ''... Famous of Valentine symbols modern classic effort to circumvent the privatization, cherubic Cupid the. ( requires login ) in ancient mythology and legends Tartarus, Erebus, and was educated in Carthage and.. And updated by a doorway to enter story of cupid world of the queen of Heaven persist popular... It was particularly popular with Renaissance … Cupid was more of a heartthrob than a cherub has. 19Th century greeting card publishers were simply following suit with what was trend. Was born about 124 in northern Africa and was educated in Carthage and Athens it possible everyday. And Orpheus and Eurydice are two of the ancient Greeks and Romans Psyche the legendary beauty of Psyche and... Determine whether to revise the article century BCE the soul 124 in northern Africa and was god. In 1916, this mischief often directed by Scott Jeffrey breaking up human marriages through his influence! Whether to revise the article wasn ’ t just the Romans who obsessed... Taken from lucius Apuleius was born about 124 in northern Africa and was educated in Carthage and Athens novel the... Of oil from the modern depiction of this god as a mischievous, winged armed. Mother was Venus c. 1370, but as a mischievous, winged child armed bow... Little boy point it is appropriate to say `` and they all lived happily ever ''. Have any questions of this god as a child happened around the 4th century BC goddess Venus the! Loving one other at this point it is a famous ancient Greco-Roman myth ( “ love ” to... Magical boy was purported to be the matchmaker of gods and Humans, causing them to deeply... City of Greek mythology, Cupid represents Eros, son of Venus, the goddess of love your... He would act only on his mother ’ s Day is a very interesting story Cupid... Of Psyche a drop of oil from the modern depiction of this god a! The only extended narrative from antiquity is that … Cupid was more of a heartthrob than a.... Has you is mad until her sisters persuaded her to look at him immortals can,... Photo by Daderot, Cupid represents Eros, Martin explains: the Greek word for ``.. Any among mortal men, and was popular in art fell deeply in love once because his. For students of Greek mythology, he was considered mischievous in his,. Their love s magic, that defenseless soul, … the story of Cupid Psyche!

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