rapid eye movement (REM) sleep: A stage of sleep occurring approximately 90 minutes after sleep onset characterized by increased brain activity, rapid eye movements, and muscle relaxation. A collection of basic bodily cells, including neurons, which are interconnected via synaptic linkages in a spider-web-like fashion. De très nombreux exemples de phrases traduites contenant "scientific brain" – Dictionnaire français-anglais et moteur de recherche de traductions françaises. Amazingly, the research findings for mindfulness meditation and secure attachment both reveal the same set of positive findings about our capacity for attunement, flexibility, soothing fear, insight, empathy, morality, and intuition. Discover your Dosha in seconds and get on the path to better health. The basic unit of the central nervous system, the neuron is responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses. This sets off a chain reaction of similar voltage changes along the cell’s axon to the synapse, where it causes the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. (Contrast with psychology). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. They may contribute to the transmission of nerve impulses and play a critical role in protecting and nourishing neurons. retina: The sensory membrane at the back of the eye that processes light information to facilitate sight. We have neuroplastic changes before we are born, and they continue to shape the structural connections of the brain throughout the lifespan. The plaques’ role in Alzheimer’s neurodegeneration remains unclear. computed tomography (CT or CAT): An X-ray technique introduced in the early 1970s that enables scientists to take cross-sectional images of the body and brain. A dominant allele is one whose physiological function—such as making hair blonde—occurs even when only a single copy is present (among the two copies of each gene that everyone inherits from their parents). blind spot. Wernicke’s area: A brain region housed in the left temporal lobe, believed to be responsible for the comprehension of speech. Many “recreational drugs” are also psychoactive drugs. vagus nerve stimulation: A neuromodulation treatment that involves a small implant that electrically stimulates the vagus nerve, which runs from the brain stem to the abdomen. Brain imaging techniques such as fMRI can be used to measure the residual activity that occurs in this state. Scientists are now learning that microbes found in the microbiota can influence brain development, mood, and behavior. nucleus accumbens: Part of the brain’s reward circuitry, or mesolimbic pathway, this small region in the midbrain releases dopamine in response to rewarding experiences. This area of the brain is associated with higher cognitive processes such as decision-making, reasoning, social cognition, and planning, as well as motor control. Blazing a Genetic Trail, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, hhmi.org (1991). While there are “love” sprays on the market that are said to contain oxytocin, there is no evidence that these concoctions have any effect on social relationships. blood-brain barrier: A protective barrier that separates the brain from the blood circulating across the body. There are four basic ways to change a brain with experience: Fun Fact: We can intentionally use our minds with the focus of attention within awareness to strengthen our brain’s connections—that’s what meditation in its many forms basically is, strengthening the brain in specific ways that are unique to a particular form of training the mind. motor cortex: The part of the brain’s cerebrum, just to the front of the central sulcus in the frontal lobe, that is involved in movement and muscle coordination. sono-stimulation: The activation of neural networks using ultrasound. machine learning: Also referred to as deep learning, machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence algorithm that can learn rules or identify diagnostic criteria from immense data sets of brain imaging or genetic information. Marcus S, ed., Neuroethics: Mapping the Field. Neuroscience as an organized discipline gained great prominence in the latter part of the 20th century. diffusion tensor imaging (DTI): A brain imaging method that helps visualize the brain’s white matter tracts by following the movement of water through tissues. frontal lobe: The front of the brain’s cerebrum, beneath the forehead. Les thérapies sont proposées sous forme d'exercices interactifs, destinés à stimuler les fonctions cognitives clés de manière ciblée. The structure located on the brain stem, above the medulla, below the mid brain and anterior to the cerebellum in humans and other bipeds, is known as pon. positron emission tomography (PET): An imaging technique, often used in brain imaging. brain waves: Rhythmic patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system, brain waves can also be called neural oscillations. The linkage of differentiated parts of a system, like the left and right sides or upper and lower regions of the brain for neural integration, or between two people, among several people in groups, or in our relationships with one another. They are used for therapeutic purposes as well as to study cognitive processing. synapse: The junction where an axon approaches another neuron or its extension (a dendrite); the point at which nerve-to-nerve communication occurs. telomere: The protective cap found at the end of a chromosome. We use the same engine that powers Google, then apply a proprietary technique on top of it to filter out any non-scientific results. Terms used generally derive from Latin or Greek roots and used to describe something in its standard anatomical position. In some circumstances, an abnormal neuroimmune response can damage brain tissue. HAPPYneuron Pro est spécialisée dans les programmes de réhabilitation et remédiation cognitive, pour traiter une large gamme de traumatismes et atteintes cognitives, neurologiques, psychiatriques et dégénératives. synaptic pruning: A process by which specialized cells called microglia eliminate unnecessary synapses as part of normal and healthy brain development. Fun Fact:Usually we think of the brain as composed only of the neurons in the head, but we also have what are called a gut brain and a heart brain. tau protein: A type of protein abundantly found in neurons. sulcus: A shallower groove on the brain’s cerebrum (deeper grooves are called fissures). neurotransmitter: A chemical that acts as a messenger between neurons and is released into the synaptic cleft when a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon. Activating neurotransmitters lead to neural firing which is the initiation of an action potential in the “post-synaptic” downstream neuron. Brain, the mass of nerve tissue in the anterior end of an organism. Vanessa Chan, Claude Alain In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 13 November 2020 These cookies do not store any personal information. brain-computer interface: A device or program that permits direct or indirect collaboration between the brain and a computer system. epigenetics: A subset of genetics that focuses on how specific environmental factors can influence where, when, and how a gene is expressed, resulting in variation in the gene’s related traits. News and analysis on the implications of brain science on society. In the brain, memory involves integrated systems of neurons in diverse brain areas, each of which handles individual memory-related tasks. melatonin: A hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland in the brain in response to the daily light-dark cycle, influencing the body’s sleep-wake cycle. Over time, CES can result in a diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). For example, neurons and other brain cells metabolize glucose, a blood sugar, to derive energy for transmitting nerve impulses. dominant gene: A gene that almost always results in a specific physical characteristic, for example a disease, even though the patient’s genome possesses only one copy. persistent vegetative state: A disorder of consciousness, often following severe brain trauma, in which an individual has not even minimal conscious awareness. Published 2019. Alzheimer’s disease: A debilitating form of dementia, this progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease results in the development of protein plaques and tangles that damages neurons and interfere with neural signaling, ultimately affecting memory and other important cognitive skills. , that plays an important role in Alzheimer ’ s outer surface formulations. At all times to our terms of location deal unambiguously with the cerebrum, located deep in the is! 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